Monitoring and evaluation of transformers are essential to prevent their insulation failure. In this paper, the use of 2-furan-carboxaldehyde (2-FAL) and methanol (MeOH) concentrations as the main products of paper insulation degradation, and insulation condition markers, has been studied. In order to study the degradation process and production of degradation products, the thermal aging process of the transformer insulation system was implemented in laboratory conditions. The results of laboratory studies show that in the early stages of degradation the amount of MeOH is significant compared to 2-FAL. Also, the estimation of the degree of polymerization (DP) in the early stages of degradation (DP>800) through MeOH concentration and with decreasing DP (DP <800) through 2-FAL concentration is closer to the real value. The results of studies performed on 35 DISTRIBUTION transformers confirm the production of significant amounts of MeOH in the early stages of degradation. Also, the estimated DP values for the studied transformers were obtained through 2-FAL and MeOH concentration. The results show that estimating the amount of DP through MeOH concentration is associated with a probability of error of about 9% compared to estimating DP through 2-FAL concentration.

One of the obvious reasons for most disorders in network service provisioning is network path congestion. Congestion avoidance in today's networks is too costly and sometimes impossible. With the introduction of SDN, centralizing the equipment's control plane has become possible. This paper presents an enhanced method named ESV-DBRA to avoid congestion in multi-tenant SDN networks. At first, ESV-DBRA monitors the traffic load and delay of all network paths for each tenant individually. Then, by merging the parameters obtained from the monitoring, the Service Level Agreements (SLA), and a novel proposed cost function, it calculates the cost of the network paths per tenant. As a result, traffic for each tenant is routed through the path/paths at the lowest possible cost from the tenant's perspective. Next, the bandwidth quotas will be calculated and assigned to the tenants over their optimal routes. Afterward, whenever congestion is likely to occur in a path, ESV-DBRA automatically changes the route or bandwidth of the tenants' traffic related to this path to avoid congestion. Related algorithms are also proposed.Eventually, simulations show that the proposed method effectively increases bandwidth utilization by 10.76%.

Different types of contact, including contact between node pairs, any-contact of nodes, and contacts of the entire network, are used to characterize social relations in mobile social networks. Different modes of routing, from the point of view of message delivery semantics, encompass unicasting, multicasting, any-casting, and broadcasting. Studies have shown that using probability DISTRIBUTION functions of contact data, which is mainly assumed to be homogeneous for nodes, improves the performance of these networks. However, there exists an important challenge in studies on DISTRIBUTIONs. A lot of works apply the DISTRIBUTION of one type of contact to other types. Hence in routing applications, it causes to use of the DISTRIBUTION of one type of contact for any mode of routing. This study provides a complete solution to model each type of homogeneous contact data DISTRIBUTION and to use them in different modes of routing. We propose a routing algorithm that uses this new model. Results show that our solution improves the average latency of comparing methods Epidemic, TCCB, and DR about 3.5-times, 30%, and 45%, respectively. It achieves a delivery rate of about 5% and 6%, and average latency about 6% and 8% better than that of DR and TCCB, respectively.

When structures are subjected to severe ground excitations, structural elements may be prone to yielding, and consequently experience significant levels of inelastic behavior. The effects of inelastic behavior on the DISTRIBUTION of peak floor loads are not explicitly accounted for in current seismic code procedures. During recent years, many studies have been conducted to develop new design procedures for different types of buildings through proposing improved design lateral load patterns. One of the most important parameters of structural damage in performance-based seismic design is to limit the extent of structural damages (maximum inter-story ductility ratio) in the system and distribute them UNIFORMly along the height of the structures. In this paper, a practical method is developed for optimum seismic design of zipper-braced frames (ZBF) subjected to seismic excitations. More efficient design is obtained by redistributing material from strong to weak parts of a structure until a state of UNIFORM ductility ratio (damage) prevails. By applying the proposed design algorithm on 5, 10 and 15‐storey zipper-braced frames subjected to 10 synthetic seismic excitations, the efficiency of the proposed method is investigated for specific synthetic seismic excitations. The results indicate that, for a constant structural weight, the structures designed according to the proposed optimization algorithm experience up to 50% less global ductility ratio (damage) compared with code-based design structures.

In this paper, some various families constructed from the logit of the generalized Beta, Beta، Kumar, generalized Gamma, Gamma, Weibull, log gamma and Logistic DISTRIBUTIONs are reviewed. Then a general family of DISTRIBUTIONs generated from the logit of the normal DISTRIBUTION is proposed. A special case of this family, Normal-UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION, is defined and studied. Various properties of the DISTRIBUTION are also explored. The maximum likelihood and minimum spacings estimators of the parameters of this DISTRIBUTION are obtained. Finally, the new DISTRIBUTION is effectively used to analysis a real survival data set.

We consider a sequence of independent and identically distributed (iid) random variables with absolutely continuous DISTRIBUTION function F(x) and probability density function (pdf) f(x). Let Rnl be the largest observation after observing nth record and R(ns) be the smallest observation after observing the nth record. Then we say Wnr=Rnl-R(ns), n>1, as the nth record range. We will consider some DISTRIBUTIONal properties of Wnr when f(x) = 1, 0£ x £1.

The goal of this study is to introduce an Asymmetric UNIFORM-Laplace (AUL) DISTRIBUTION. We present a detailed theoretical description of this DISTRIBUTION. We try to estimate the parameters of AUL DISTRIBUTION using the maximum likelihood method. Since the likelihood approach results in complicated forms, we suggest a bootstrap-based approach for estimating the parameters. The proposed method is mainly based on the shape of the empirical density. We conduct a simulation study to assess the performance of the proposed procedure. We also fit the AUL DISTRIBUTION to real data sets: daily working time and Pontius data sets. The results show that AUL DISTRIBUTION is a more appropriate choice than the Skew-Normal, Skew t, Asymmetric Laplace and UNIFORM-Normal DISTRIBUTIONs.

This study is concerned with generating odd DISTRIBUTION by combining Rayleigh DISTRIBUTION to UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION, denoted by (RUOD). We drive the DISTRIBUTION function (df), its probability density function (pdf), and we discuss some other properties like the survival function, moments and graphs of such functions. Also, we estimate the parameters model of the generated DISTRIBUTION RUOD by using the maximum likelihood method to find the approximate values that fit the desired DISTRIBUTION. Eventually, we analyze some data set by the generated RUOD and compare the results upon the goodness-of-fit measures with respect to Rayleigh DISTRIBUTION to decide the best DISTRIBUTION that fits the data set.